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GDP: A Brief but Affectionate History Hardcover – February 23, 2014
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How GDP came to rule our lives―and why it needs to change
Why did the size of the U.S. economy increase by 3 percent on one day in mid-2013―or Ghana's balloon by 60 percent overnight in 2010? Why did the U.K. financial industry show its fastest expansion ever at the end of 2008―just as the world’s financial system went into meltdown? And why was Greece’s chief statistician charged with treason in 2013 for apparently doing nothing more than trying to accurately report the size of his country’s economy? The answers to all these questions lie in the way we define and measure national economies around the world: Gross Domestic Product. This entertaining and informative book tells the story of GDP, making sense of a statistic that appears constantly in the news, business, and politics, and that seems to rule our lives―but that hardly anyone actually understands.
Diane Coyle traces the history of this artificial, abstract, complex, but exceedingly important statistic from its eighteenth- and nineteenth-century precursors through its invention in the 1940s and its postwar golden age, and then through the Great Crash up to today. The reader learns why this standard measure of the size of a country’s economy was invented, how it has changed over the decades, and what its strengths and weaknesses are. The book explains why even small changes in GDP can decide elections, influence major political decisions, and determine whether countries can keep borrowing or be thrown into recession. The book ends by making the case that GDP was a good measure for the twentieth century but is increasingly inappropriate for a twenty-first-century economy driven by innovation, services, and intangible goods.
- Print length168 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherPrinceton University Press
- Publication dateFebruary 23, 2014
- Dimensions6 x 0.75 x 9 inches
- ISBN-109780691156798
- ISBN-13978-0691156798
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Editorial Reviews
Review
"One of The Wall Street Journal’s Best Books of 2014"
"One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2014"
"One of FA-mag.com’s Books of the Year 2014"
"One of "The Books Quartz Read" in 2014"
"One of Minnpost.com’s ‘Three (plus) books for the econ buff on your list’ 2014"
"Longlisted for the Financial Times and McKinsey Business Book of the Year 2014"
"Coyle's book GDP: A Brief but Affectionate History . . . provide[s] comprehensive and readable accounts of the history of national income and of the role of GDP in contemporary political and economic life."---David Throsby, Times Literary Supplement
"GDP is, as Diane Coyle points out in her entertaining and informative GDP: A Brief but Affectionate History, a bodge, an ongoing argument."---John Lanchester, London Review of Books
"[A] little charmer of a book . . . GDP: A Brief but Affectionate History is just what the title promises. . . . Cowperthwaite himself would nod in agreement over Ms. Coyle's informed discussion of what the GDP misses and how it misfires. . . . Ms. Coyle--a graceful and witty writer, by the way--recounts familiar problems and adds some new ones. . . . [E]xcellent."---James Grant, Wall Street Journal
"Anyone who wants to know how GDP and the SNA have come to play such important roles in economic policy-making will gain from reading Coyle's book. As will anyone who wants to gain more understanding of the concept's strengths and weaknesses."---Nicholas Oulton, Science
"Diane Coyle's new book, GDP: A Brief But Affectionate History, is a timely contribution to discussions of modern economic performance."---Arnold Kling, American
"[E]xcellent."---Adam Creighton, The Australian
"Diane Coyle's book is as good a simple guide as we are likely to see."---Samuel Brittan, Financial Times
"Coyle does good work explicating a topic that few understand, even if it affects each of us daily. A pleasure for facts-and-numbers geeks, though accessibly written and full of meaningful real-world examples." ― Kirkus Reviews
"[S]mart and lucid. . . . [S]hort but masterful."---Todd G. Buchholz, Finance & Development
"[G]reat (and well-timed) new book."---Uri Friedman, The Atlantic
"In a charming and accessible new book, Diane Coyle untangles the history, assumptions, challenges and shortcomings of this popular rhetorical device, which has become so central to policy debates around the world. . . . Coyle's book is a good primer for the average citizen as well as the seasoned economist."---Adam Gurri, Ümlaut
"[I]t is interesting and important, particularly when it comes to the emphasis now given to GDP, and the inadequacies of this now time-honoured measurement of how our economies are doing. . . . With clarity and precision, she explains its strengths and weaknesses."---Peter Day, BBC News Business
"Diane Coyle has bravely attempted in a recent book to make the subject once more accessible, and even interesting."---John Kay, Financial Times
"[T]his is as engaging a book about GDP as you could ever hope to read. It falls into that genre of books that are 'biographies of things'--be they histories of longitude, the number zero or the potato--and is both enlightening and entertaining."---Andrew Sawers, FS Focus
"As a potted history of approaches to quantifying national output from the 18th century onward, GDP: A Brief but Affectionate History deserves high marks. It is particularly edifying to learn about the military motivation behind the initial attempts."---Martin S. Fridson, Financial Analysts Journal
"The strongest part of the book charts the development of national accounting from the 17th century through to the creation of GDP itself and its literal and metaphorical rises and falls in the 20th and 21st centuries. . . . This is lively and surprisingly readable stuff."---Eilís Lawlor, LSE Review of Books
"Coyle has written an engaging, introductory to mid-level book on the GDP that makes sense of a statistic that hardly anyone actually understands. . . . It does not require any training in economics, but it covers many topics that even professional economists would find beneficial, including an argument that GDP is an increasingly inappropriate measure for the 21st century." ― Choice
"[A] little charmer of a book." ― Wall Street Journal
"GDP is a thought-provoking account of how the gross domestic product statistic came to be so important. . . . The book is a useful and timely contribution."---Louise Rawlings, Economic Record
"Coyle is surely right when she says that GDP is not outmoded, despite all the problems. The people who use GDP need to understand what it is and what it isn't, and to know what are its strengths and weaknesses. They should read this invaluable and accessible guide."---Bill Allen, Business Economists
"Coyle's account of the emergence and hegemony of GDP is a timely one, capturing in lucid historical detail the major conceptual weaknesses in the construction and use of GDP and the menu of alternative measures one might turn to."---Atiyab Sultan, Cambridge Humanities Review
"Coyle takes the reader on a whistle-stop tour of the development workhorse of economic modeling and analysis. . . . The book developed out of a talk by the author in 2011 and it retains the liveliness of a performance." ― Central Banking Journal
"Coyle's greatest achievement is to succinctly describe the history of the concept as it emerged in the 1940s as a result of wartime politics obsessed with measuring productive capacity in an economy."---Atiyab Sultan, Cambridge Humanities Review
"Diane Coyle's eloquently written and accessible book provides a rich account of the history of GDP."---Johannes Hirata, International Review of Economics
"A lively account."---Gillian Tett, Financial Times
"A useful introduction to the meaning and limitations of GDP."---Pierre Lemieux, Regulation
Review
"Countries are judged by their success in producing GDP. But what is it and where do those numbers reported on television come from? Diane Coyle makes GDP come to life―we see its strengths and its fallibilities, and we learn to understand and respect both."―Mervyn King, governor of the Bank of England, 2003-2013
"This is an engaging and witty but also profoundly important book. Diane Coyle clearly and elegantly explains the fundamental difficulties of GDP―and how this headline figure is liable to radical change by apparently simple changes in method. She also provides a nice treatment of alternative proposals such as happiness surveys."―Harold James, author of Making the European Monetary Union
"Well written, interesting, and useful, this book will appeal to many readers. I learned a lot from it."―Robert Hahn, University of Oxford
"GDP: A Brief But Affectionate History is a fascinating 140-page book that I cannot recommend highly enough. This is simply the best book on GDP that I've ever seen."―John Mauldin
From the Inside Flap
"Diane Coyle renders GDP accessible and introduces a much-needed historical perspective to the discourse of what we measure and why. A must-read for those interested in the far-reaching impact of GDP on the global economy, just as we seek ways to go beyond it."--Angel Gurría, secretary-general of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
"Countries are judged by their success in producing GDP. But what is it and where do those numbers reported on television come from? Diane Coyle makes GDP come to life--we see its strengths and its fallibilities, and we learn to understand and respect both."--Mervyn King, governor of the Bank of England, 2003-2013
"This is an engaging and witty but also profoundly important book. Diane Coyle clearly and elegantly explains the fundamental difficulties of GDP--and how this headline figure is liable to radical change by apparently simple changes in method. She also provides a nice treatment of alternative proposals such as happiness surveys."--Harold James, author ofMaking the European Monetary Union
"Well written, interesting, and useful, this book will appeal to many readers. I learned a lot from it."--Robert Hahn, University of Oxford
From the Back Cover
"Diane Coyle renders GDP accessible and introduces a much-needed historical perspective to the discourse of what we measure and why. A must-read for those interested in the far-reaching impact of GDP on the global economy, just as we seek ways to go beyond it."--Angel Gurría, secretary-general of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
"Countries are judged by their success in producing GDP. But what is it and where do those numbers reported on television come from? Diane Coyle makes GDP come to life--we see its strengths and its fallibilities, and we learn to understand and respect both."--Mervyn King, governor of the Bank of England, 2003-2013
"This is an engaging and witty but also profoundly important book. Diane Coyle clearly and elegantly explains the fundamental difficulties of GDP--and how this headline figure is liable to radical change by apparently simple changes in method. She also provides a nice treatment of alternative proposals such as happiness surveys."--Harold James, author of Making the European Monetary Union
"Well written, interesting, and useful, this book will appeal to many readers. I learned a lot from it."--Robert Hahn, University of Oxford
"GDP: A Brief But Affectionate History is a fascinating 140-page book that I cannot recommend highly enough. This is simply the best book on GDP that I've ever seen."--John Mauldin
About the Author
Product details
- ASIN : 0691156794
- Publisher : Princeton University Press (February 23, 2014)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 168 pages
- ISBN-10 : 9780691156798
- ISBN-13 : 978-0691156798
- Item Weight : 11.2 ounces
- Dimensions : 6 x 0.75 x 9 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,677,208 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #825 in Macroeconomics (Books)
- #1,514 in Statistics (Books)
- #3,249 in Economic History (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

I'm the Bennett Professor of Public Policy at the University of Cambridge (https://www.bennettinstitute.cam.ac.uk/), where we do inter-disciplinary research on the key policy challenges of our times. I have had a number of public service roles, including membership of the Natural Capital Committee, the BBC Trust and the Competition Commission. Previously I ran a consultancy, was economics editor of The Independent, and started out my career working in the UK Treasury. Check out my blog, The Enlightened Economist (http://www.enlightenmenteconomics.com/blog), where I write about economics books and post reviews. My core interest is in technology and how it's changing the economy and society - I've been writing about this since 1997, when we all started noticing the Internet. At the moment I'm working on how to measure better the digitally-transformed economy (how should statisticians measure free digital goods like search and social media? how much is data worth?....), and how governments should update policy for the digital era. My work includes looking at competition in digital markets - I was a member of the Furman Review panel on this subject (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/unlocking-digital-competition-report-of-the-digital-competition-expert-panel). I'm also exploring what it is we mean by progress and how we might measure that instead of GDP.
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Diane Coyle has written a generally informative account of GDP and covers its problems and advantages well. It isn't a long book and you don't have to be a economist to understand it. Buy it, read it, and keep it as a reference.
Informative: it covers pretty much every issue I know of on the subject, the only exception I can think of being that she fails to educate the reader on the treatment of welfare state transfer payments (they are not included in GDP which, although that is mechanically correct, produces a misleading under-statement of government's role in the economy - a good chunk of the consumption in GDP is paid for with welfare state transfer payments that are not identified as such in GDP). Maybe also some topics are treated too lightly (household production) than others (surprising depth on financial services), but that's to be expected given the obvious intent to be brief. There were a couple recitations of formulas that I think are mis-stated but they were not significant to detract.
Very good introduction to the topic, and more erudite and less polemical than I would have predicted when I opened it.
Some of the other reviews, I think downgrade the book for not sharing the reviewer's ideological perspective. That is unfair to the author. The book's title is exceedingly accurate (which itself is rare in books in this field that often overstate their contents to make more sales): the author is not issuing a"a very conservative defense of GDP orthodoxy" to quote one such review. It is simply what the title says, a "brief but affectionate history". A basic understanding of the topic is a good thing in and of itself before one adopts a critical posture, and this book definitely contributes to such an understanding. Well done.
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A couple of things have to be clarified at the outset: GDP (Gross Domestic Product) which is a particular measure of economic activity that takes place in markets and has prices attached should not be confused with economic well being or social welfare though there is a certain degree of correlation between the two. Also it has to be appreciated that GDP is not a physical entity that has to be measured increasingly more accurately but an abstract human construct.
GDP can be measured in three equivalent ways: We can add up all the output in the economy, all the expenditure in the economy, or all incomes.
Using expenditure as a basis, GDP equals consumer spending plus investment spending plus government spending plus exports less imports (the trade surplus or deficit). But while GDP is conceptually easy, implementing it that is performing all relevant calculations and incorporating all amendments and refinements is fiendishly difficult. And if this were not enough, changes in the nature of the economy and new considerations such as environmental issues increase both the disparity between GDP and well being and welfare and necessitate evolution of the GDP statistic.
GDP was an adequate measure for manufacturing physical products and nation state - based economics of the post - Second World War era. Presently we have an economy dominated by services and intangibles, with much greater variety of products, and closely linked across national boundaries. It is not at all clear that GDP measures well the digital, globalized economy, with its proliferation of zero - price services and matching markets. It certainly does not address the increasingly unequal distribution of growth between different people or groups which we are experiencing since around the 1980s. Finally, GDP does not provide us with an insight on how sustain ably the economy is growing , an ever more important question in the wake of both the Great Financial Crisis and increasing concerns about environment and climate change. So while still using GDP to measure economic activity, it is becoming decreasingly useful as a proxy for either well being and social welfare or sustainability.
Also in the light of the above it is also clear that GDP itself has to evolve though we do not know how. We cannot also tell whether we shall use a single statistic for GDP or a dashboard of statistics to encompass a wider array of parameters to include not only economic growth but also well being, social welfare and sustainability.

The most important parameter of economic progress and wealth creation is the unemployment rate - especially long term unemployment . In America this figure is reaching historic highs which suggests that the government is on the wrong course.
The book should be compulsory reading for all politicians.